Basic of Software Testing

1. Understand Purpose of Testing

• Ensures software meets requirements.
• Detects defects early to reduce costs.
• Improves software reliability and performance.

2. Principles of Software Testing

• Testing shows defects, not absence of defects.
• Exhaustive testing is impossible.
• Early testing saves time and cost.
• Defects tend to cluster.
• Pesticide paradox: Repeating same tests won't find new bugs.
• Testing is context-dependent.
• Absence-of-errors fallacy: A bug-free product may still fail.

3. Difference between Error, Fault and Failure

• Error: Mistake made by a developer.
• Fault (Bug): Defect in code.
• Failure: When a fault is executed, causing incorrect behavior.

4. White Box and Black Box Testing

• White Box: Internal logic and structure testing (unit testing, code coverage).
• Black Box: Testing without knowing internal structure (functional testing).

5. Levels of Testing

• Unit Testing: Tests individual components.
• Integration Testing: Ensures different parts work together.
• System Testing: Tests entire system against requirements.
• Acceptance Testing: Verifies if software meets business needs.

6. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• Phases: Requirement Analysis -> Design -> Implementation -> Testing -> Development -> Maintainance.
• Models: Waterfall, Agile, V-Model, Spiral.

Testing Design Techniques

1. Use Case Testing

• Tests real-world user scanarios.
• Ensures business processes function as expected.

2. Decision Table Testing

• Uses tables to define different input conditions and expected outputs.

3. State Transition Testing

• Evaluates how a system behaves when it changes states.
• Useful for workflows, login/logout, etc.

4. Boundary Value Analysis

• Tests values at boundaries (e.g., min/max).
• Example: If input range is 1-100, test 0, 1, 100, 101.

5. Equivalence Partioning

• Divides input data into valid/invalid groups.
• Reduces test cases while ensuring coverage.

6. Error Guessing

• Uses experience to predict potential errors.
• Example: Entering special characters in a name field.

Types of Software Testing

1. Functional Testing

• Verifies specific software functions.
• Example: Login, payment processing, form submission.

2. Non-Functional Testing

• Tests performance, usability, security, etc.

3. Regresstion Testing

• Ensures new changes don't break existing features.

4. Smoke Testing

• Initial test to check if major features work.

5. Load Testing

• Assesses system performance under expected load.

6. Performance Testing

• Evaluates speed, stability, and scalability.

Automated Testing

1. Introduction to Automation Testing

• Uses tools/scripts to execute test cases.
• Reduces manual effort and increases efficiency.

2. Choosing the Right tools for Automation Testing

• Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, Cypress, Playwright, etc.

3. Planning, Design and Development

• Define automation scope, design test scripts, and set up frameworks.

4. Test Execution and Management

• Running scripts, managing results, handling failures.

5. Debugging

• Identifying and fixing issues in automation scripts.

Test Management

1. Concept and Test Planning

• Defines testing scope, objectives, schedule, and resources.

2. Configuring and Using Test Management Tools

• JIRA, TestRail, Zephyr, HP ALM, etc.

3. Test Monitoring and Control

• Tracking test progress and adjusting strategies.

4. Test Estimation

• Predicting time, effort and cost for testing

5. Risk Management in Testing

• Identifying risks, assessing impact, and mitigation strategies.

6. Reporting Test Status

• Test reports, defect reports, dashboards.

Manual Testing

1. Introduction to Manual Testing

• Testing without automation tools.

2. Types of Manual Testing

• Exploratory, Usability, Ad hoc, Accessibility.

3. Bug Life Cycle

• New -> Open -> Assigned -> Fixed -> Retested -> Verified -> Closed.

4. Bug Reporting Tools

• JIRA, Bugzilla, Redmine, Mantis.

5. Test Case Development

• Writing detailed test cases with inputs, expected results, and steps.

6. Use of Excel in Manual Testing

• Documenting test cases, bug tracking, data storage.

Agile Testing

1. Principles of Agile Testing

• Testing integrated into development.
• Continuous feedback, fast iterations.

2. Agile Test Strategy

• Focuses on delivering working software quickly.

3. Agile Testing Quadrants

• Functional, Non-functional, Automation, Exploratory testing.

4. Role of a Tester in an Agile Team

• Works closely with developers, automates tests, writes test cases.

5. Testing Tools in Agile

• JIRA, Selenium, TestNG, Cucumber.

6. User Story Testing

• Verifying user stories meet acceptance criteria.

Security Testing

1. Security Testing Concepts

• Ensures application is secure from threats.

2. Common Security Vulnerabilities

• SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF, Broken Authentication.

3. Risk Assessment

• Identifying and prioritizing risks.

4. Security Testing Tools and Techniques

• OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite, Metasploit.

5. Penetration Testing

• Simulating attacks to find vulnerabilities.

6. Vulnerability Scanning

• Automated scanning tools to detect security issues.

Web Application Testing

1. Web Testing Strategies

• Ensuring UI/UX, performance, security and functionality.

2. Functional Web Testing

• Testing web page interactions, forms, authentication.

3. Performance Testing for Web Applications

• Load testing, stress testing.

4. Security Testing for Web Applications

• Testing for SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF, etc.

5. Load Testing for Web Applications

• Checking performance under high traffic.

6. Cross Browser Testing

• Ensuring compatibility across different browsers.

Mobile Application Testing

1. Mobile Application Testing Strategies

• Testing across different OS, screen sizes, network conditions.

2. Functional Testing for Mobile Applications

• Checking mobile-specific features like gestures, push notifications.

3. Performance Testing for Mobile Applications

• Evaluating speed, memory usage, battery consumption.

4. Security Testing for Mobile Applications

• Identifying security loopholes in mobile apps.

5. Device and Platform Testing

• Ensuring compatibility across various devices.

6. Usability Testing for Mobile Applications

• Checking user-friendliness, responsiveness.

API Testing

1. Introduction to APIs and API Testing

• Testing communication between software components.

2. REST and SOAP Web Services Testing

• Validating API requests, responses.

3. API Testing Tools

• Postman, SoapUI, JMeter.

4. Creating API Test Cases

• Writing test cases for status codes, authentication, response time.

5. Security Testing for APIs

• Checking for token validation, encryption, rate limiting.

6. Load Testing for APIs

• Simulating high traffic to assess performance.

DevOps and Testing

1. Understanding DevOps

• Collaboration between dev and ops teams.

2. Role of a Tester in DevOps

• Automating tests, integrating with CI/CD.

3. Continuous Testing

• Running tests in a continuous integration pipeline.

4. DevOps Testing Tools

• Jenkins, Docker, Kubernetes.

5. Quality Gates in DevOps

• Ensuring code meets predefined quality standards.

6. Performance Tuning in DevOps

• Optimizing application and infrastructure performance.